Neurogenesis, or the process by which neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), initially occurs during embryonic development, termed development or prenatal neurogenesis, and continues throughout adulthood, termed...

The History of Leukemia Therapy In the bone marrow or peripheral blood, the rare hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells become mature white blood cells after proliferation and differentiation and then continuously replenish the dead blood cells. If the proliferation and...

Immune checkpoints are inhibitory regulators of the immune system that are crucial to maintaining self-tolerance, preventing autoimmunity, and controlling the duration and extent of immune responses in order to minimize collateral tissue damage. These immune...